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Death cap
Toxic🐾Grüner Knollenblätterpilz · (Amanita phalloides)
Amanita family (Amanitaceae)
Description
The death cap is the fungus responsible for most fatal mushroom poisonings worldwide. Its cap is usually yellowish to olive-green, the gills and spore print are white, and the stem bears a membranous ring with a sac-like bulb (volva) at the base. It grows from summer through autumn, mainly in deciduous woodland in symbiosis with oaks and beeches. It is dangerously easy to confuse with edible mushrooms such as button mushrooms (white gills rather than pink-brown) or some Russula species. A single fruiting body can be lethal to an adult.
🌿 Risk of confusion — read before wild-harvesting!
DEADLY POISONOUS. A single mushroom can be fatal; if ingestion is suspected, seek emergency and poison-control help immediately.
Historical documentation only — do NOT use
These internal applications are historically documented. This plant is highly toxic — self-treatment can cause severe poisoning or death. For documentation only, explicitly NOT a recommendation.
DEADLY POISONOUS. Contains amatoxins (chiefly alpha-amanitin) which inhibit RNA polymerase II and destroy liver and kidney cells. The danger lies in the delayed onset: first symptoms (vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps) appear only 6–12 hours after ingestion. A deceptive 'false recovery' phase follows before severe liver and kidney failure set in. A single mushroom can be fatal; if ingestion is suspected, seek emergency and poison-control help immediately. Cooking, drying or freezing does NOT destroy the toxin.
Harvested part: fruiting body
- Alpha-AmanitinOther
Principal toxin (an amatoxin); inhibits RNA polymerase II, halting protein synthesis and causing cell death in liver and kidney.
- Beta-AmanitinOther
Further amatoxin with the same hepatotoxic action as alpha-amanitin.
- PhalloidinOther
Phallotoxin; damages the cell membranes of intestinal cells and causes the early gastrointestinal symptoms.
- [3]MonographAmanita phalloides-Associated Liver Failure: Mechanisms and Management (Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024)(accessed: 2026-06-24)
- [4]MonographCliniTox Giftpflanzen — Amanita phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr.) Link: sehr stark giftig +++ (Institut für Veterinärpharmakologie und -toxikologie, Universität Zürich)(accessed: 2026-08-10)
- [1]WikipediaGrüner Knollenblätterpilz – Wikipedia(accessed: 2026-06-24)
- [2]WikipediaDeath cap – Wikipedia(accessed: 2026-06-24)