© Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen · Public domain · Commons
Lavandula angustifolia
Caution🐾Echter Lavendel · (Lavandula angustifolia)
Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Description
True lavender is an evergreen sub-shrub of the mint family, native to the Mediterranean basin and now widely cultivated. Its narrow grey-green leaves and violet flower spikes carry an essential oil (about 1–3 %) whose main components, linalool and linalyl acetate, give the plant its familiar scent; it is obtained by steam-distilling the flowers harvested in high summer (June to August). It is traditionally used for restlessness and difficulty falling asleep. The pure essential oil is highly concentrated and should never be applied undiluted to the skin — oxidised, aged oil in particular can cause irritation.
CONTRAINDICATED for children
Do NOT use lavender essential oil in children under 12 — EMA cites lack of data, and there are reports of gynaecomastia in prepubertal boys. Tea also only from 12 years.
Calming tea for restlessness and mild difficulty falling asleep.
Preparation & dosage
Pour 150–200 ml boiling water over 1–2 tsp (~1–2 g) dried lavender flowers, cover and steep for 10 minutes, then strain. Drink 2–3 cups a day, last cup ~30 min before bedtime.
- Dry amount
- 1–2 g
- Doses per day
- 3×
- Max duration
- 2 weeks
⚠ Age restriction: ≥ 12 years — Per EMA, only for adults and adolescents from 12 years.
Sources: [1]
Relaxation bath for nervous tension and sleep problems.
Preparation & dosage
For a relaxing full bath: 100 g dried lavender flowers + 2 L boiling water, steep 10 min, strain and add to bath water. Temperature 35–38 °C, duration 10–20 minutes. Max once daily. Rest afterwards.
- Dry amount
- 100–100 g
- Doses per day
- 1×
- Max duration
- 4 weeks
⚠ Age restriction: ≥ 12 years — Per EMA, only for adults and adolescents from 12 years.
Sources: [1]
Standardised lavender oil (Silexan, 80–160 mg/day) for subsyndromal anxiety and stress-related restlessness — the only lavender application with clinical evidence (EMA well-established use). Several RCTs show effects comparable to low-dose lorazepam, without dependence potential.
Preparation & dosage
Use only as an authorised finished medicine (e.g. Silexan soft capsules): 1 capsule of 80 mg standardised lavender oil per day, if needed 2 (160 mg/day). Swallow with liquid at a meal. IMPORTANT: Never take pure essential oil by the spoon. Effect after 1–2 weeks, trials over 10 weeks.
- Doses per day
- 1×
- Max duration
- 10 weeks
⚠ Age restriction: ≥ 18 years — Internal use of Silexan capsules only for adults from 18 years.
Sources: [2]
Diluted lavender oil for relaxation massage in muscle tension and nervous restlessness. Traditional use.
Preparation & dosage
For a relaxing massage: ALWAYS dilute essential oil in a carrier oil. Maximum 1–3 % (5–15 drops per 50 ml). NEVER apply undiluted. Patch test on inner arm before first use. Massage in gently 1–2 times a day.
- Doses per day
- 2×
- Max duration
- 4 weeks
⚠ Age restriction: ≥ 12 years — In children under 12 — especially prepubertal boys — avoid skin-contact use of lavender oil.
Sources: [2]
Aromatherapy for calming and as a sleep aid — traditional use.
Preparation & dosage
As a sleep aid: 1–2 drops on a handkerchief beside the pillow — not on bedding or skin. Alternatively 2–4 drops in a diffuser ~30 min before bedtime, max 1 hour. Air the room well.
- Doses per day
- 2×
- Max duration
- 4 weeks
⚠ Age restriction: ≥ 12 years — In children under 12, no essential oils in bedroom diffusers.
Sources: [2]
Never apply lavender essential oil undiluted to the skin. Maximum 1–3 % in carrier oil. IMPORTANT for parents: Case reports exist of prepubertal breast tissue swelling (gynaecomastia) in boys after regular external use of lavender-oil-containing care products. In children under 12 — especially prepubertal boys — avoid skin-contact use of lavender oil. Tea preparation is not affected. ASPCA classification (accessed 2026-08-10): toxic to dogs, cats and horses.
⏱ Max continuous use: 10 weeks
EMA notes a lack of reliable data on use during pregnancy — use is therefore not recommended.
Insufficient data on use during breastfeeding.
Do NOT use lavender essential oil in children under 12 — EMA cites lack of data, and there are reports of gynaecomastia in prepubertal boys. Tea also only from 12 years.
Drug interactions
Sedativa (Benzodiazepine, Z-Substanzen, Opioide)
Lavender oil itself has a mild sedating effect. In combination with sleep medications, the dampening effect may be intensified — caution when driving.
Antidepressiva (SSRI, SNRI)
Silexan not systematically studied with SSRIs/SNRIs. Concurrent use should be discussed with a doctor.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to lavender oil, individual components, or other Lamiaceae plants.
- Children under 12 years (all lavender oil uses); Silexan capsules only from 18 years.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding — not recommended due to lack of data.
Harvested part: flowers
- Time of day:
- On sunny, dry mornings once the dew has dried.
- Drying:
- Cut flowering stems when about 2/3 of individual flowers are open. Bundle loosely and hang upside down in airy, shaded place (max 35 °C). Avoid direct sunlight.
- Storage:
- 12 months — Store in dark, airtight glass jars in a cool place — essential oils evaporate quickly otherwise.
- Ätherisches ÖlEssential oilContent: 1–3 %Flower
Main active compound complex, obtained by steam distillation.
- LinaloolEssential oilContent: 20–45 %Flower
Most important monoterpene alcohol — responsible for the calming, mildly anxiolytic effect. Shows estrogen-like activity in cell cultures — caution in young children.
- LinalylacetatEssential oilContent: 25–46 %Flower
Ester main component — contributes to muscle-relaxing and sedating effect. Together with linalool, the leading substance in Silexan.
- Cineol (1,8-Cineol)Essential oilContent: < 2,5 %Flower
Only in small amounts in true lavender — higher levels indicate adulteration.
- CampherEssential oilContent: < 1,2 %Flower
Very low in true lavender — strict pharmacopoeial limit.
- GerbstoffeTanninContent: ca. 5–10 %Flower
Contribute to the slightly astringent effect of the tea on mucous membranes.
- FlavonoideFlavonoidFlower
Mildly antioxidant; luteolin and apigenin glycosides.
- [1]MonographEMA/HMPC/734125/2010 — European Union herbal monograph on Lavandula angustifolia Mill., flos (Final, 27 March 2012)(accessed: 2026-05-18)
- [2]MonographEMA/HMPC/143181/2010 — European Union herbal monograph on Lavandula angustifolia Mill., aetheroleum (Final, 27 March 2012)(accessed: 2026-05-18)
- [3]MonographASPCA Animal Poison Control — Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia): Toxic to Dogs, Toxic to Cats, Toxic to Horses(accessed: 2026-08-10)
Distribution in Europe
🪴 Grow at home
- ☀ Light
- full sun
- 💧 Water
- weekly
- 🌱 Soil
- Sandy-loamy, calcareous, with drainage
- 🪴 Pot
- 25 cm
- ⭐ Difficulty
- ★★☆ intermediate
- 🐾 Pets
- toxic to pets
Tips:
- Mediterranean — lots of sun, little water, good drainage essential.
- Not ideal in pots — roots want deep soil. Large container.
- Dried flowers in bedroom calming + moth deterrent.
Care tips are general indoor-gardening recommendations, not scientific sources.
🤝 Permaculture Partners
In your garden, this plant acts as:
✨ Best symbiotic partners
- 🌿 Yarrow Classic companion-planting partner.
- 🌿 Oregano Classic companion-planting partner.
- 🌿 Rosemary Mediterranean dry specialists — lavender draws bees, rosemary protects.
- 🌿 Salvia officinalis Classic companion-planting partner.
- 🌿 Thymus vulgaris Classic companion-planting partner.
⚠️ Better not planted together
- 🥬 Peppermint Mint needs moist soil, lavender needs dry.
📦 Part of these planting sets:
Source: Helga und Margarete Langerhorst, Mein gesunder Naturgarten (eigene Kuration)