© Anton Hartinger / K. W. von Dalla Torre (Atlas der Alpenflora, 1882) · Public domain · Commons
Roseroot (Golden root, Arctic root)
Rosenwurz (Rosenwurzel) · (Rhodiola rosea)
Stonecrop family (Crassulaceae)
Description
Roseroot is a perennial, succulent herb of the arctic and alpine regions of Eurasia and North America, growing at elevations up to about 3000 m. From a thick, tuberous rootstock (rhizome) arise several fleshy, leafy stems with bluish-green, lance-shaped leaves. The plant is dioecious (separate male and female plants); the yellow to greenish-yellow flower heads appear in summer. The freshly cut rootstock has a characteristic rose-like scent, which gives the plant its name. The medicinal parts are the root and rhizome (Rhodiolae roseae rhizoma et radix), from which a standardised dry extract is produced. Roseroot is a classic adaptogen of Scandinavian, Russian and Siberian folk medicine. In Germany it grows wild only in Bavaria near Bodenmais; due to over-harvesting the species is protected (CITES Appendix II).
CONTRAINDICATED during pregnancy
Use in pregnancy is not recommended due to lack of safety data (EMA HMPC).
CONTRAINDICATED for children
Not for children and adolescents under 18 years due to lack of data (EMA HMPC).
The standardised root/rhizome extract is used traditionally for the temporary relief of stress symptoms such as fatigue and a sensation of weakness. The European Medicines Agency (HMPC) classifies this as 'traditional use': effectiveness is plausible and based on long-standing safe use of more than 30 years (over 15 years in the EU), rather than on robust clinical trials – the HMPC judged the available studies to have considerable methodological shortcomings.
Preparation & dosage
A standardised dry extract of root and rhizome is used (e.g. the special extract WS 1375, adjusted to about 3 % rosavins and 1 % salidroside). Typical doses are about 144–400 mg of dry extract per day, in one or two single doses. It should be taken in the morning or before noon, as the mildly stimulating remedy may disturb sleep if taken late. Do not use for longer than two weeks without medical advice. Home-made tinctures or teas do not reach the defined active-compound composition of the licensed product.
- Dry amount
- 0.144–0.4 g
- Doses per day
- 2×
- Max duration
- 2 weeks
⚠ Age restriction: ≥ 18 years — Adults aged 18 and over only; not for children and adolescents under 18 due to lack of data (EMA HMPC). Do not use for longer than 2 weeks without medical advice.
The traditional tea from the rootstock reflects the historical folk use as a strengthening remedy. It falls under the same traditional-use classification (EMA HMPC) as the extract but is less well standardised pharmaceutically.
Preparation & dosage
In Scandinavian, Russian and Siberian folk medicine the dried, chopped rootstock was also prepared as an infusion: about 1.5–3 g per 250 ml of hot water, steeped for roughly 10 minutes. Best taken in the morning, not late in the day. The tea is uncommon today and delivers a less defined dose than the standardised extract; it does not replace medical advice and should not be taken for longer than two weeks without consultation.
- Dry amount
- 1.5–3 g
- Doses per day
- 1×
- Max duration
- 2 weeks
⚠ Age restriction: ≥ 18 years — Adults aged 18 and over only; not for children and adolescents under 18 due to lack of data (EMA HMPC). Do not use for longer than 2 weeks without medical advice.
Roseroot is mildly stimulating; taking it in the late afternoon or evening may cause sleep disturbances, so take it in the morning or before noon. Mild dizziness, dry mouth or irritability may occasionally occur. Use with caution in people with bipolar disorder or a tendency to manic episodes, as the stimulating effect could theoretically aggravate these. Due to a lack of data, do not use during pregnancy, breastfeeding, or in children and adolescents under 18 years. Theoretical interactions are possible with antidepressants and other centrally acting drugs, with blood-glucose-lowering agents (antidiabetics), with anticoagulants, and with medicines metabolised by certain liver enzymes (CYP substrates); however, robust clinical evidence is largely lacking. Seek medical advice if symptoms persist or worsen.
Use in pregnancy is not recommended due to lack of safety data (EMA HMPC).
Use during breastfeeding is not recommended due to lack of safety data (EMA HMPC).
Not for children and adolescents under 18 years due to lack of data (EMA HMPC).
Drug interactions
Antidepressants (SSRI/MAOI) and CNS-active drugs
Theoretically, the mildly stimulating effect of roseroot (with discussed serotonergic/monoaminergic activity) may influence or potentiate the effect of antidepressants (SSRIs, MAO inhibitors) and other centrally acting agents. Clinically robust evidence is lacking; monitor as a precaution.
Antidiabetics (blood-glucose-lowering drugs)
Roseroot could theoretically lower blood glucose and additively enhance the effect of antidiabetic drugs; a risk of hypoglycaemia is conceivable. Human evidence is limited; monitor blood glucose.
Anticoagulants/antiplatelets
Theoretically, roseroot could affect platelet function or blood clotting and increase bleeding risk with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs. The evidence base is weak; monitor as a precaution.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity to Rhodiola rosea.
- Caution in bipolar disorder or a tendency to manic episodes (stimulating effect).
Harvested part: Root and rhizome (rootstock)
- Rosavins (rosavin, rosin, rosarin)GlycosideContent: ca. 3% (standardised extract)Root
Phenylpropanoid glycosides; regarded as the characteristic marker compounds of roseroot (standardised extracts usually adjusted to about 3 % rosavins).
- Salidroside (rhodioloside)GlycosideContent: ca. 1% (standardised extract)Root
Tyrosol glucoside; the second key marker compound (standardised extracts usually adjusted to about 1 % salidroside).
- TyrosolPhenolic acidRoot
Aglycone of salidroside; accompanying phenolic compound.
- Flavonoids (e.g. rhodiolin)FlavonoidRoot
Accompanying polyphenols, including the eponymous rhodiolin.
- Essential oil (rose scent, geraniol)Essential oilRhizome
Essential oil with geraniol as the main component; responsible for the rose-like scent of the freshly cut rootstock.
- TanninsTanninRoot
Tannins in root and rhizome; astringent accompanying compounds.
- [1]MonographEuropean Union herbal monograph on Rhodiola rosea L., rhizoma et radix — EMA/HMPC, Revision 1, traditional use(accessed: 2026-06-12)
- [2]MonographFinal European Union herbal monograph on Rhodiola rosea L., rhizoma et radix (Revision 1) — full PDF(accessed: 2026-06-12)
- [3]WikipediaRosenwurz — Wikipedia (Deutsch)(accessed: 2026-06-12)
- [4]WikipediaRhodiola rosea — Wikipedia (English)(accessed: 2026-06-12)
- [6]CommonsFile:Atlas der Alpenflora (1882) (20317664056).jpg — Rhodiola rosea L. botanical plate — Wikimedia Commons(accessed: 2026-06-12)
- [5]WikidataRhodiola rosea (Q161924) — Wikidata(accessed: 2026-06-12)
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