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Catnip
Caution🐾Echte Katzenminze · (Nepeta cataria)
Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Description
Few herbs provoke such an instant reaction from house cats as catnip: just the scent of crushed leaves is enough to trigger playful rolling and sniffing, caused by the compound nepetalactone, which can make up as much as 95% of the essential oil. For people, the flowering herb, gathered between June and September, has traditionally been brewed as a calming, digestion-supporting tea, and used in folk medicine for feverish colds and as a wound compress. Besides nepetalactone, the plant supplies rosmarinic acid and the flavonoids luteolin and apigenin. As tea in normal amounts, catnip is considered well tolerated, but the essential oil should only be used externally when diluted. Smoking the leaves is discouraged, as it may cause hallucinations, and due to its mildly sedative effect, operating heavy machinery should be avoided.
CONTRAINDICATED during pregnancy
Not for use during pregnancy due to emmenagogue action — may stimulate uterine contractions.
Tea from flowering aerial parts has a mildly sedative and nervine action. Traditionally used for nervous exhaustion, restlessness, and difficulty sleeping. The infusion calms without strong hypnotic effect — suitable for adults and older children.
Preparation & dosage
Pour non-boiling water (approx. 90 °C) over 2–4 g dried herb, steep 10 minutes, strain. Avoid boiling water — volatile oils evaporate.
- Dry amount
- 2–4 g
- Doses per day
- 3×
Warm catnip tea is considered diaphoretic and antipyretic. Used in European folk medicine for feverish colds and influenza to reduce body temperature through perspiration.
Preparation & dosage
Prepare like nervine tea; drink warm in small sips to encourage perspiration. Keep warm afterwards.
- Dry amount
- 2–3 g
- Doses per day
- 3×
Cold-prepared infusion or cooled tea acts as a tonic and appetite stimulant. Taken warm before meals it supports digestion and relieves flatulence (carminative action).
Used in traditional European herbalism as a mild emmenagogue for dysmenorrhoea (menstrual pain) and amenorrhoea (absent menstruation). Effect is considered mild and not reliably reproducible.
Essential oil obtained by steam distillation contains nepetalactone and acts as insect repellent against mosquitoes, cockroaches, and termites. In laboratory tests comparably effective to DEET as a spatial repellent, but less effective than DEET when applied directly to skin.
Fresh or rewarmed leaves applied as a poultice to bruises (especially black eyes) and contusions. Astringent tannins and rosmarinic acid are thought to provide anti-inflammatory action.
Sources: [3]
Tea in normal doses is well tolerated. Essential oil for external use only, diluted. Do not smoke — may cause hallucinations. Avoid operating machinery (sedative effect). Large doses may cause irritability and excessive sleepiness. ASPCA classification (accessed 2026-08-10): toxic to cats — larger amounts can cause vomiting and diarrhoea.
Not for use during pregnancy due to emmenagogue action — may stimulate uterine contractions.
No safety data for breastfeeding; avoid as a precaution.
Small amounts of tea are traditionally considered safe for childhood feverish colds. Do not give for extended periods — may cause lethargy. Under 1 year: do not use.
Drug interactions
Sedativa / Schlafmittel
Additive CNS depressant effect — enhanced sedation possible.
Contraindications
- Pregnancy (emmenagogue effect).
- Known allergy to plants in the Lamiaceae (mint) family.
Harvested part: flowering herb
- Time of day:
- Morning after dew has dried, on dry days.
- Drying:
- Hang in bunches or individually upside-down in a ventilated, shaded spot (max. 35 °C). No oven drying — volatile oils evaporate at high heat.
- Storage:
- 12 months — In airtight dark jars at room temperature; away from light and moisture.
- Time of day:
- Harvest at first flowering for maximum active constituent content (essential oil peaks just before and at full bloom).
- Drying:
- Same as midsummer harvest; cutting encourages a second flush of growth.
- Storage:
- 12 months — Store in airtight dark containers, dry and protected from light.
- Nepetalacton (cis,trans- und trans,cis-Isomere)Essential oilContent: 10–95 % im ätherischen ÖlAerial parts
Main active compound of the essential oil; monoterpene iridoid analogue. Triggers the characteristic euphoric behaviour in cats; acts as insect repellent and is responsible for the characteristic scent.
- RosmarinsäurePhenolic acidAerial parts
Polyphenolic hydroxycinnamic acid with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Widespread in the Lamiaceae family.
- Luteolin und Luteolin-GlucuronidFlavonoidAerial parts
Flavones with anxiolytic potential via GABA-A receptor modulation — likely contributing to the sedative effect of the tea.
- Apigenin und Apigenin-GlucosidFlavonoidAerial parts
Flavone with anti-inflammatory and mildly spasmolytic properties; supports the carminative action.
- KaffeesäurePhenolic acidAerial parts
Phenolic acid with antioxidant and antimicrobial activity; precursor to rosmarinic acid.
- β-CaryophyllenSesquiterpeneAerial parts
Sesquiterpene with anti-inflammatory properties; binds CB2 cannabinoid receptors, contributing to analgesic effects.
- Gerbstoffe (Tannine)TanninAerial parts
Astringent polyphenols; relevant for wound care (poultices) and gastrointestinal soothing action.
- Iridodial und NepetalactolOtherAerial parts
Iridoid monoterpenes; chemical relatives of nepetalactone with similar effects on cats and insects.
- [3]MonographNepeta cataria — Plants for a Future database(accessed: 2026-05-21)
- [5]MonographNadeem et al. (2022): Phytochemical profiling of antimicrobial and potential antioxidant plant: Nepeta cataria — Frontiers in Plant Science(accessed: 2026-05-21)
- [6]MonographASPCA Animal Poison Control — Catnip (Nepeta cataria): Toxic to Cats(accessed: 2026-08-10)
- [4]BookKing's American Dispensatory (1898): Nepeta cataria — Henriette's Herbal Homepage(accessed: 2026-05-21)
- [1]WikipediaEchte Katzenminze (Wikipedia DE)(accessed: 2026-05-21)
- [2]WikipediaCatnip (Wikipedia EN)(accessed: 2026-05-21)
Distribution in Europe
🪴 Grow at home
- ☀ Light
- full sun
- 💧 Water
- every few days
- 🌱 Soil
- Standard herb compost
- 🪴 Pot
- 20 cm
- ⭐ Difficulty
- ★☆☆ beginner
- 🐾 Pets
- toxic to pets
Tips:
- If cats live with you: keep out of reach — otherwise gets shredded.
- Natural mosquito repellent on balcony.
- Tea from flowers/leaves has calming effect.
Care tips are general indoor-gardening recommendations, not scientific sources.
🤝 Permaculture Partners
In your garden, this plant acts as:
✨ Best symbiotic partners
- 🌿 Garlic Classic companion-planting partner.
- 🌿 Cucurbita pepo Classic companion-planting partner.
Source: Helga und Margarete Langerhorst, Mein gesunder Naturgarten (eigene Kuration)