© Kurt Stüber [1] · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Commons
Aloysia citrodora
🐾Zitronenstrauch · (Aloysia citrodora)
Verbena family (Verbenaceae)
Description
Even a light touch of the narrow, pointed leaves of this South American verbena-family shrub releases an intense lemon scent, owed to the high geranial and neral (citral) content of its essential oil. The leaves are harvested from May to October and also contain the phenylethanoid verbascoside along with flavones such as luteolin. According to the EMA/HMPC monograph, an infusion of the dried leaves is traditionally drunk to ease mild stress symptoms, sleep difficulties and mild digestive complaints such as bloating. In the kitchen, fresh leaves lend an intense lemon aroma to lemonades, desserts and poultry dishes. WARNING: the essential oil is phototoxic and must never be applied undiluted to skin; it is banned as a fragrance ingredient in the EU. Because of the tea's mild sedative effect, avoid driving after high doses.
Infusion of dried leaves (1–2 tbsp per 250 ml boiling water, steep 10 min) for relief of mild symptoms of mental stress, sleep difficulties, and mild digestive complaints such as bloating and flatulence. Traditional use as per EMA/HMPC monograph (EMA/HMPC/376770/2019).
Preparation & dosage
Pour 250 ml boiling water over 3–6 g dried leaves, steep 10 minutes, strain. Up to 3 cups daily.
- Dry amount
- 3–6 g
- Doses per day
- 3×
As an evening tea to promote sleep, particularly for mild difficulty falling asleep caused by everyday stress. Verbascoside and flavones such as luteolin contribute to the calming effect.
Preparation & dosage
4–6 g leaves with 250 ml boiling water, drink 10 minutes before bedtime.
- Dry amount
- 4–6 g
- Doses per day
- 1×
The essential oil (main components: geranial 18–21 %, neral 15–16 %) is used in aromatherapy for relaxation. Dilute strongly for direct skin contact (max. 0.2 %) due to known phototoxic and sensitising properties. Prohibited as a fragrance ingredient in the EU (Regulation No. 1223/2009, Annex II).
Leaf tea for functional gastric complaints, flatulence, and cramps. The bitter-aromatic constituents stimulate digestive secretions.
Preparation & dosage
3–5 g leaves with 200 ml boiling water, steep 8 minutes. Drink after meals.
- Dry amount
- 3–5 g
- Doses per day
- 2×
Fresh leaves as a culinary herb for desserts, beverages (lemonade, cocktails), dressings, and poultry dishes. Intense lemon aroma from citral (geranial + neral).
Tincture extract of leaves (ratio 1:5, 40–60 % ethanol) as a convenient alternative to infusion, particularly for precise dosing of verbascoside-rich extract.
Sources: [6]
Mild sedative effect may cause drowsiness; avoid driving after high doses. The essential oil is phototoxic and must not be applied undiluted to skin. After prolonged daily tea use (> 8 weeks), take a short break. ASPCA classification (accessed 2026-08-10): toxic to dogs, cats and horses.
Safety during pregnancy not established. Avoid medicinal use; small culinary amounts are considered safe.
Insufficient data on use during lactation. As a precaution, avoid medicinal doses.
No study data for children under 12. Not recommended.
Drug interactions
Sedativa / Hypnotika
Additive sedative effect possible due to GABA-modulating effects of verbascoside and flavones.
Contraindications
- Known hypersensitivity to plants of the verbena family (Verbenaceae).
Harvested part: leaves
- Time of day:
- Morning after the dew has dried, before midday heat.
- Drying:
- Spread leaves loosely on drying racks at max. 35 °C (do not stack leaves, as essential oils will be lost). Store dry, dark, and airtight.
- Storage:
- 12 months — Store in dark screw-top jars or paper bags, cool and dry. No direct sunlight.
- Time of day:
- Harvest at the start of flowering when oil content is highest.
- Drying:
- Tie flowering stems in small bundles and hang upside down in a well-ventilated, shaded spot.
- Storage:
- 6 months
- Verbascoside (Acteoside)Phenolic acidContent: 0.4-1.5 %Leaf
Main polyphenol; antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activity demonstrated in cell cultures.
- Geranial (Citral A)Essential oilContent: 18-21 % (im äther. Öl)Leaf
Main component of the essential oil; responsible for the characteristic citrus aroma.
- Neral (Citral B)Essential oilContent: 15-16 % (im äther. Öl)Leaf
Geranial isomer; together with geranial forms citral, the characteristic citrus fragrance compound.
- Luteolin-7-diglucuronidFlavonoidContent: 100 mg/l (im Tee-Aufguss)Leaf
Most common flavone in the tea infusion; antioxidant and mildly anti-inflammatory activity.
- ApigeninFlavonoidLeaf
Flavone with anxiolytic properties in animal studies; binds to GABA-A receptors.
- LimoneneEssential oilContent: 5-21 % (im äther. Öl)Leaf
Monoterpene; contributes to the fresh citrus scent and shows antimicrobial properties.
- EupatorinFlavonoidLeaf
Polymethoxylated flavone; shown antiproliferative properties in studies.
- SpathulenolSesquiterpeneContent: 7-9 % (im äther. Öl)Leaf
Sesquiterpene alcohol; antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity described in vitro.
- [1]MonographFinal EU Herbal Monograph on Aloysia citrodora Paláu, folium (EMA/HMPC/376770/2019)(accessed: 2026-05-22)
- [4]MonographVolatile Compounds and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil of Aloysia citrodora Paláu (Molecules, 2023)(accessed: 2026-05-22)
- [5]MonographDietary Supplementation with an Extract of Aloysia citrodora Improves Sleep Quality in Healthy Subjects (Nutrients, 2024)(accessed: 2026-05-22)
- [6]MonographLemon Verbena (Aloysia citrodora): Benefits, Uses, Safety — Herbal Reality(accessed: 2026-05-22)
- [7]MonographASPCA Animal Poison Control — Lemon Verbena (Aloysia triphylla): Toxic to Dogs, Toxic to Cats, Toxic to Horses(accessed: 2026-08-10)
- [2]WikipediaZitronenstrauch (Wikipedia DE)(accessed: 2026-05-22)
- [3]WikipediaAloysia citrodora (Wikipedia EN)(accessed: 2026-05-22)
Distribution in Europe
🪴 Grow at home
- ☀ Light
- full sun
- 💧 Water
- every few days
- 🌱 Soil
- Herb compost with good drainage
- 🪴 Pot
- 25 cm
- ⭐ Difficulty
- ★★☆ intermediate
- 🐾 Pets
- toxic to pets
Tips:
- Drops all leaves in winter — don't panic, that's normal.
- Winter: bright and cool (5-10 °C), barely water — otherwise root rot.
- Cut back hard in spring for bushy growth.
Care tips are general indoor-gardening recommendations, not scientific sources.